HOW IS THE SENSE OF TASTE DETECTED?
Taste is the most important mechanism to understand whether a food is suitable for the body.
is the sense. Two receptors for detecting sweet taste have been identified and these are T1R2 and T1R3.
are receptors. These receptors work together and when stimulated, a protein called alpha-Gustducin is produced inside the cell.
Our brain perceives the sense of taste by stimulating the nerves.
GUESTS CAN ALSO DISCOVER SWEET
The sense of taste was once thought to be found only in taste cells in the mouth. Recent research has revealed that our guts also have a sense of taste. It has now been proven that there are T1R2 and T1R3 receptors, which provide the sense of taste, in the enteroendocrine cells in the intestines, which have the ability to secrete hormones. Perception of sweets in this way has an effect on appetite and is effective in continuing or interrupting feeding. The impulses sent from the brain by the Vagus nerve also affect the movement of the intestines, digestion and appetite. There are also hormones such as leptin, insulin, Ghrelin, Aguiti related peptide, NPY, and cholecystokinin that affect appetite.
WHY CAN'T ARTIFICIAL sweeteners cheat the guts?
University of Liverpool professor Soraya Shirazi-Beechey et al., in their study on mice, revealed that T1R2 and T1R3 receptors, which detect sweet taste, are present not only in the mouth but also in the intestines, facilitating sugar absorption. Our guts are our mouths
Thus, it has been proven that he has a sense of taste. It has also been determined that there are receptors in the intestines that detect sour and umami tastes other than sweet taste. The absorption of sugar, or glucose, in the intestines is done by a protein called SGLT1. Glucose in the intestinal cell is carried by a protein called GLUT-2 and sent to other organs of the body. The amount of sugar absorption of the SGLT1 protein is regulated by the T1R2 and T1R3 receptors. These receptors perceive that there is sugar in the intestine, and according to it, SGLT1
The protein provides the absorption of sugar in the intestinal cavity. In this study, it was also shown that taste receptors are not found in intestinal cells called enterocytes, but in enteroendocrine cells with hormone secreting capacity.
Enteroendocrine cells secrete two hormones, GLP-1 and GIP. and they regulate sugar absorption, bowel movements and metabolism. The same researchers are next to sugars.
In addition, artificial sweeteners are perceived as sugar by the intestines and GLP-1 and GIP hormones are produced showed that they were released. The increase in these hormones increases the absorption of sugar from the intestines. All in all It has been revealed that artificial sweeteners taken may cause weight gain by increasing the absorption of sugar from the intestines.
has been placed. Another important aspect of this invention is that it leads to new drug developments for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. That it can be. However, there are other factors that enable sugar detection in the intestines and other organs.
mechanisms are possible.
When there is sugar, or glucose, in the intestinal cavity, the L cells in the intestines (they are called enteroendocrine
cells) secrete two hormones called “Glucagon Like Peptide-1” or abbreviated GLP-1 and GIP.
These hormones then secrete insulin hormone excessively from the pancreatic gland. In addition, these hormones
They increase sugar absorption by increasing the protein called SGLT1 in intestinal cells. As you can see, artificial sweeteners cannot deceive the intestines and cause hormone secretion and metabolism changes like real sugar.
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